• Activating mutations in EGFR and ALK fusions are rare in squamous cell lung carcinoma
• Potentially targetable genes or pathway alterations were identified in most squamous cell lung carcinomas, including the CDKN2A and PI3K pathways and genes in the FGFR kinase family

The most important outcome from this crucial project is the demonstration that tumor specimens from patients with squamous cell cancer have potentially targetable mutations and these differ substantially from those seen with adenocarcinoma. This initial effort is just the beginning of a massive move to apply the principles of targeted treatment to this common NSCLC subtype.