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A phase 3, multicenter, multinational, randomized, open-label, parallel-arm study of avelumab (MSB0010718C) plus best supportive care versus best supportive care alone as a maintenance treatment in patients with locally advanced or metastatic urothelial cancer whose disease did not progress after completion of first-line platinum-containing chemotherapy. NCT02603432

Balar AV et al. Keynote 057: Phase II trial of pembrolizumab (pembro) for patients (pts) with high-risk (HR) nonmuscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) unresponsive to bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG). ASCO Genitourinary Cancers Symposium 2019;Abstract 350.

Balar AV et al. First-line pembrolizumab in cisplatin-ineligible patients with locally advanced and unresectable or metastatic urothelial cancer (KEYNOTE-052): A multicentre, single-arm, phase 2 study. Lancet Oncol 2017;18(11):1483-92. Abstract

Bellmunt J et al. Pembrolizumab as second-line therapy for advanced urothelial carcinoma. N Engl J Med 2017;376(11):1015-26. Abstract

De Wit R et al. Pembrolizumab for high-risk (HR) non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) unresponsive to bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG): Phase II KEYNOTE-057 trial. ESMO 2018;Abstract 864O.

Galsky MD et al. Randomized double-blind phase II study of maintenance pembrolizumab versus placebo after first-line chemotherapy in patients (pts) with metastatic urothelial cancer (mUC): HCRN GU14-182. ASCO 2019;Abstract 4504.

Hussain M et al. IMvigor010: Primary analysis from a phase III randomized study of adjuvant atezolizumab (atezo) versus observation (obs) in high-risk muscle-invasive urothelial carcinoma (MIUC). ASCO 2020;Abstract 5000.

Patel MR et al. Avelumab in metastatic urothelial carcinoma after platinum failure (JAVELIN Solid Tumor): Pooled results from two expansion cohorts of an open-label, phase 1 trial. Lancet Oncol 2018;19(1):51-64. Abstract

Powles T et al. Maintenance avelumab + best supportive care (BSC) versus BSC alone after platinum-based first-line (1L) chemotherapy in advanced urothelial carcinoma (UC): JAVELIN Bladder 100 phase III interim analysis. ASCO 2020;Abstract LBA1.

Powles T et al. Atezolizumab versus chemotherapy in patients with platinum-treated locally advanced or metastatic urothelial carcinoma (IMvigor211): A multicentre, open-label, phase 3 randomised controlled trial. Lancet 2018;391(10122):748-57. Abstract

Powles T et al. Efficacy and safety of durvalumab in locally advanced or metastatic urothelial carcinoma: Updated results from a phase 1/2 open-label study. JAMA Oncol 2017;3(9):e172411. Abstract

Rosenberg JE et al. Study EV-103: Preliminary durability results of enfortumab vedotin plus pembrolizumab for locally advanced or metastatic urothelial carcinoma. ASCO Genitourinary Cancers Symposium 2020;Abstract 441.

Sharma P et al. Nivolumab in metastatic urothelial carcinoma after platinum therapy (CheckMate 275): A multicentre, single-arm, phase 2 trial. Lancet Oncol 2017;18(3):312-22. Abstract

Von der Maase H et al. Gemcitabine and cisplatin versus methotrexate, vinblastine, doxorubicin, and cisplatin in advanced or metastatic bladder cancer: Results of a large, randomized, multinational, multicenter, phase III study. J Clin Oncol 2000;18(17):3068-77. Abstract